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by Melanie Anne Phillips How Stories Came to Be Prologue Before the final version of "Dramatica - a New Theory of Story" there was an earlier draft which contained unfininished concepts and additional theory that was ultimately deemed "too complex". As a result, this material was never fully developed, was cut from the final version of the book, and has never seen the light of day -- until now! Recently, a copy of this early draft surfaced in the theory archives. The following are excerpts from this "lost" text. CAVEAT: Because the text that follows was not fully developed, portions may be incomplete, inaccurate, or actually quite wrong. It is presented as a look into the history of the development of Dramatica and also as a source of additional theory concepts that (with further development) may prove useful. Note about this excerpt: As we developed the concept of the Story Mind, we began to wonder how it might have come to be that stories function as analogies to the human mind. Over the years, we developed a hypothesis which is available in its polished form on the web in an article entitled "The Story Mind." The attempt at that explanation which follows is an early effort that misses some of the key ingredients, but also provides a more emotional perspective on the topic which was lost in the final, logistically polished version. Although somewhat inaccurate, I find this embryonic explanation much more intuitive and in a sense more "charming." How Stories Came to Be Any writer who has sought to understand the workings of story is familiar with the terms "Character", "Plot", "Theme", "Genre", "Premise", "Act", "Scene", and many others. Although there is much agreement on the generalities of these concepts, they have proven to be elusive when precise definitions are attempted. Dramatica presents the first definitive explanation of exactly what stories are and precisely how they are structured. The dramatic conventions that form the framework of stories today did not spring fully developed upon us. Rather, the creation of these conventions was an evolutionary process dating far into our past. It was not an arbitrary effort, but served specific needs. Early in the art of communication, knowledge could be exchanged about such things as where to find food, or how one felt - happy or sad . Information regarding the location or state of things requires only a description. However, when relating an event or series of events, a more sophisticated kind of knowledge needs to be communicated. Tales Imagine the very first story teller, perhaps a cave dweller who has just returned from a run-in with a bear. This has been an important event in her life and she desires to share it. She will not only need to convey the concepts "bear" and "myself", but must also describe what happened. Her presentation then, might document what led up to her discovery of the bear, the interactions between them, and the manner in which she returned safely to tell the tale. Tale: a statement (fictional or non-fictional) that describes a problem, the methods employed in the attempt to solve the problem, and how it all came out. We can imagine why someone would want to tell a tale, but why would others listen? There are some purely practical reasons: if the storyteller faced a problem and discovered a way to succeed in it, that experience might someday be useful in the lives of the each individual in the audience. And if the storyteller didn't succeed, the tale can act as a warning as to which approaches to avoid. By listening to a tale, an audience benefits from knowledge they have not gained directly through their own experience. So, a tale is a statement documenting an approach to problem solving that provides an audience with valuable experience. Stories, Objective and Subjective When relating her tale, the first storyteller had an advantage she did not have when she actually experienced the event: the benefit of hindsight. The ability to look back and re-evaluate her decisions from a more objective perspective allowed her to share a step by step evaluation of her approach, and an appreciation of the ultimate outcome. In this way, valid steps could be separated from poorly chosen steps and thereby provide a much more useful interpretation of the problem solving process than simply whether she ultimately succeeded or failed. This objective view might be interwoven with the subjective view, such as when one says, "I didn't know it at the time, but...." In this manner, the benefit of objective hindsight can temper the subjective immediacy each step of the way, as it happens. This provides the audience with an ongoing commentary as to the eventual correctness of the subjective view. It is this differential between the subjective view and the objective view that creates the dramatic potential of a story. Through the Subjective view, the audience can empathize with the uncertainty that the storyteller felt as she grapples with the problem. Through the Objective view, the storyteller can argue that her Subjective approach was or was not an appropriate solution. In short then: Stories provide two views to the audience: • A Subjective view that allows the audience to feel as if the story is happening to them • An Objective view that furnishes the benefit of hindsight. The Objective view satisfies our reason, the subjective view satisfies our feelings.
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